Tuesday, December 21, 2010

ONLINE ENGLISH GRAMMAR

TABLE OF CONTENTS

THE USES AND FORMATION OF THE ENGLISH VERB TENSES
CHAPTER 1. The simple present of the verb to be
    1. Grammar
    2. Verb forms
    3. Uses of the simple present tense
    4. The simple present of the verb to be
         a. Affirmative statements
         b. Questions
         c. Negative statements
         d. Negative questions
         e. Tag questions
    Exercises
CHAPTER 4. The present perfect and the present perfect continuous
    1. Use of the present perfect
    2. Formation of the present perfect: Regular verbs
    3. Spelling rules for adding ed to form the past participle
         a. Verbs ending in a silent e
         b. Verbs ending in y
         c. Verbs ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel
    4. Pronunciation of the ed ending
    5. Formation of the present perfect: Irregular verbs
    6. Questions and negative statements
         a. Questions
         b. Negative statements
         c. Negative questions
         d. Tag questions
    7. The present perfect continuous
         a. Use
         b. Formation
         c. Questions and negative statements
    Exercises
CHAPTER 7. The future tenses
    1. The simple future
         a. Use
         b. Formation
         c. Questions and negative statements
    2. The conjugation expressing determination and compulsion
    3. The present continuous of to go followed by an infinitive
    4. The future continuous
         a. Use
         b. Formation
         c. Questions and negative statements
    5. The future perfect
         a. Use
         b. Formation
         c. Questions and negative statements
    6. The future perfect continuous
         a. Use
         b. Formation
         c. Questions and negative statements
    7. Summary of the formation of the English future tenses
    8. Clauses
         a. Coordinate clauses
         b. Subordinate clauses
         c. The past perfect and the simple past
         d. The use of the present in subordinate clauses to express future actions
    Exercises
CHAPTER 9. The subjunctive
    1. Uses of the subjunctive
    2. Formation of the subjunctive
    3. Formal commands and requests
    4. Wishes
         a. An earlier time
         b. The same time
         c. A later time
         d. Summary
         e. Use of the auxiliary could in expressing wishes
    5. Conditions which are false or improbable
         a. Forms of the verb used in the main clause
             i. Referring to present or future time
             ii. Referring to past time
             iii. Summary
             iv. Use of the auxiliary could in sentences containing false or improbable conditions
         b. Forms of the verb used in the subordinate clause
             i. Referring to present or future time
             ii. Referring to past time
             iii. Summary
         c. Changing a statement containing a probable condition into a statement containing an improbable condition
    6. The imperative mood
    Exercises
CHAPTER 12. The passive voice
    1. Use of the passive voice
    2. Formation of the indicative mood of the passive voice
         a. The Simple Present indicative
         b. The other indicative tenses
         c. Summary of the formation of the indicative tenses of the passive voice
    3. Questions and negative statements
         a. Questions
         b. Negative statements
         c. Negative questions
    4. Changing the voice of a verb
    5. Changing the voice of a verb while preserving the meaning of a sentence
         a. Changing the verb from the active voice to the passive voice
         b. Changing the verb from the passive voice to the active voice
         c. Changing the voice of a verb which takes both a direct object and an indirect object
    6. The subjunctive mood of the passive voice
         a. Use of the simple present subjunctive
         b. Use of the past forms of the subjunctive
    Exercises
CHAPTER 16. Uncountable nouns
    1. The absence of a determiner before uncountable nouns
         a. Making a general statement
         b. Referring to something not mentioned before
    2. The use of the before uncountable nouns
         a. Referring to something mentioned before
         b. Referring to something when it is considered obvious what is meant
    3. The use of uncountable nouns to refer to individual things
    4. Nouns which can be either countable or uncountable
         a. Differences in meaning
         b. Referring to a type of something
         c. Referring to places used for specific activities
         d. Names of meals
    5. Infinitives used in the place of nouns
    6. Gerunds
    7. Specific verbs followed by infinitives and gerunds
         a. Verbs followed by infinitives
         b. Verbs followed by either infinitives or gerunds
         c. Verbs followed by gerunds
    Exercises
CHAPTER 19. Other pronouns
    1. Indefinite pronouns
         a. The use of one in general statements
    2. Reciprocal pronouns
    3. Demonstrative pronouns
    4. Interrogative pronouns
         a. Direct questions
         b. The pronoun who
             i. Who
             ii. Whom
             iii. Whose
         c. What and which
         d. Indirect questions
             i. Interrogative word as the subject
             ii. Interrogative word as the object of a verb or preposition
             iii. The verb to be with a noun or pronoun complement
    5. Relative pronouns
         a. Defining and non-defining relative clauses
             i. Non-defining relative clauses
             ii. Defining relative clauses
         b. That
         c. Which
         d. Whowhom and whose
         e. Comparison of the use of thatwhich and who
         f. Other relative pronouns
    Exercises
CHAPTER 21. Adjectives: Position in a sentence
    1. Proper adjectives
    2. Attributive adjectives
         a. Order of attributive adjectives
             i. Determiners
             ii. General descriptive adjectives
             iii. Adjectives indicating color
             iv. Adjectives indicating materials
             v. The position of proper adjectives
             vi. Defining adjectives
             vii. Ordinal adjectives
         b. Punctuation used with attributive adjectives
         c. Stress used with attributive adjectives
             i. Adjectives indicating materials
             ii. Defining adjectives indicating location or time
             iii. Defining adjectives indicating purpose
    3. Predicate adjectives
         a. Attributive adjectives which can be used as predicate adjectives
             i. Order
             ii. Punctuation
         b. Adjectives which can be used only as predicate adjectives
         c. Linking verbs
    4. Interpolated adjectives
    5. Adjectival phrases and clauses
    6. Participles used as adjectives
         a. Present participles
         b. Past participles
         c. Dangling participles
         d. Past participles which follow the verb to be
    Exercises
CHAPTER 22. Adjectives used in comparisons: Part I
    1. Positive forms of adjectives preceded and followed by as
         a. The positive form combined with a noun
         b. The use of ellipsis
         c. The use of the subjective case
    2. Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives which use endings
         a. Comparative forms of adjectives which use endings
             i. Spelling rules
             ii. Irregular adjectives
             iii. The comparative form followed by than
             iv. The comparative form followed by a noun, followed by than
             v. The use of ellipsis
             vi. The use of the subjective case
             vii. Progressive comparisons
         b. Superlative forms of adjectives which use endings
             i. Spelling rules
             ii. Irregular adjectives
             iii. The superlative form preceded by the
             iv. The use of ellipsis
             v. The comparison of one or more things with a group
    Exercises
CHAPTER 23. Adjectives used in comparisons: Part 2
    1. Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives which do not use endings
         a. Comparative forms: The use of more
             i. The comparative form followed by than
             ii. Progressive comparisons
         b. The use of less
             i. The construction less ... than
             ii. The construction not as ... as
             iii. The construction less and less
         c. Superlative forms
    2. The adjectives manymuchfew and little used to compare quantities
         a. The use of manymuchfew and little with countable and uncountable nouns
         b. Synonyms for many and much
         c. Positive forms used in comparisons
         d. Comparative forms used in comparisons
         e. Superlative forms used in comparisons
    3. The adjectives similardifferent and same used in comparisons
    4. Making logical comparisons
    Exercises
CHAPTER 24. Adverbs: Position in a sentence
    1. Adverbs which modify adjectives and other adverbs
         a. Intensifiers
    2. Adverbs which modify verbs
         a. Adverbs of frequency
         b. Adverbs of time
         c. Adverbs of manner
         d. Connecting adverbs
         e. Adverb phrases and clauses of purpose
         f. Adverbs of location
             i. Here and there
             ii. There used as an introductory word
             iii. Inverted word order
         g. Negative adverbs
             i. Double negatives
             ii. Inverted word order
    3. Interrogative adverbs
    Exercises
CHAPTER 25. Adverbs of manner and adverbs used in comparisons
    1. Adverbs of manner
         a. Spelling rules for adding ly
             i. Adjectives ending in ic
             ii. Adjectives ending in le
             iii. Adjectives ending in ll
             iv. Adjectives ending in ue
             v. Adjectives ending in y
         b. Adverbs which do not use the ending ly
         c. The differing functions of adjectives and adverbs
             i. Adjectives which modify nouns compared with adverbs which modify verbs
             ii. Adjectives which modify nouns compared with adverbs which modify adjectives
             iii. Predicate adjectives which modify the subjects of verbs compared with adverbs which modify verbs
    2. Adverbs used in comparisons
         a. The formation of comparative and superlative forms of adverbs
             i. Adverbs used with more and most
             ii. Adverbs used with the endings er and est
             iii. Irregular adverbs
         b. Positive forms of adverbs used in comparisons
             i. The construction with as ... as
             ii. Ellipsis
         c. Comparative forms of adverbs used in comparisons
             i. The construction with than
             ii. Progressive comparisons
             iii. The construction with less and less
             iv. The construction with the ..., the ...
         d. Superlative forms of adverbs used in comparisons
             i. The construction with the
             ii. The construction with the least
    Exercises
CHAPTER 27. Phrasal verbs
    1. Phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by a preposition
         a. The position of the object of the preposition
         b. The position of an adverb of manner modifying the verb
         c. Stress in spoken English
         d. Expressions in which the verb has an object
    2. Phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by an adverb
         a. The position of the object of the verb
         b. The position of an adverb of manner modifying the verb
         c. Stress in spoken English
         d. Ergative verbs
    3. Distinguishing between verbs followed by prepositions and verbs followed by adverbs
         a. Adverb phrases of location compared with phrasal verbs followed by objects
         b. Words used as prepositions or adverbs
    4. Phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by a word which can function either as an adverb or as a preposition
         a. Expressions in which the verb has an object
    5. Phrasal verbs consisting of a verb followed by an adverb followed by a preposition
         a. Expressions in which the verb has an object
    Exercises

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